Ruby 3.2.0 Launched

January 27, 2023

125

Posted by naruse on 25 Dec 2022

We’re happy to announce the discharge of Ruby 3.2.0. Ruby 3.2 provides many options and efficiency enhancements.

WASI primarily based WebAssembly assist

That is an preliminary port of WASI primarily based WebAssembly assist. This permits a CRuby binary to be accessible on a Net browser, a Serverless Edge atmosphere, or different kinds of WebAssembly/WASI embedders. At present this port passes fundamental and bootstrap take a look at suites not utilizing the Thread API.

Background

WebAssembly (Wasm) was initially launched to run packages safely and quick in net browsers. However its goal – operating packages effectively with safety on varied atmosphere – is lengthy wished not just for net but in addition by common functions.

WASI (The WebAssembly System Interface) is designed for such use circumstances. Although such functions want to speak with working techniques, WebAssembly runs on a digital machine which didn’t have a system interface. WASI standardizes it.

WebAssembly/WASI assist in Ruby intends to leverage these tasks. It allows Ruby builders to put in writing functions which run on such promised platforms.

Use case

This assist encourages builders to make the most of CRuby in a WebAssembly atmosphere. An instance use case is TryRuby playground’s CRuby assist. Now you’ll be able to attempt authentic CRuby in your net browser.

Technical factors

In the present day’s WASI and WebAssembly itself is lacking some options to implement Fiber, exception, and GC as a result of it’s nonetheless evolving, and in addition for safety causes. So CRuby fills the hole through the use of Asyncify, which is a binary transformation approach to regulate execution in userland.

As well as, we constructed a VFS on prime of WASI in order that we will simply pack Ruby apps right into a single .wasm file. This makes distribution of Ruby apps a bit simpler.

Associated hyperlinks

Manufacturing-ready YJIT

YJIT is not experimental
- Has been examined on manufacturing workloads for over a 12 months and confirmed to be fairly secure.
YJIT now helps each x86-64 and arm64/aarch64 CPUs on Linux, MacOS, BSD and different UNIX platforms.
- This launch brings assist for Apple M1/M2, AWS Graviton, Raspberry Pi 4 and extra.
Constructing YJIT now requires Rust 1.58.0+. [Feature #18481]
- With a purpose to be certain that CRuby is constructed with YJIT, please set up rustc >= 1.58.0
  earlier than operating the ./configure script.
- Please attain out to the YJIT workforce must you run into any points.
The YJIT 3.2 launch is quicker than 3.1, and has about 1/3 as a lot reminiscence overhead.
- General YJIT is 41% sooner (geometric imply) than the Ruby interpreter on yjit-bench.
- Bodily reminiscence for JIT code is lazily allotted. In contrast to Ruby 3.1,
  the RSS of a Ruby course of is minimized as a result of digital reminiscence pages
  allotted by --yjit-exec-mem-size won’t be mapped to bodily
  reminiscence pages till really utilized by JIT code.
- Introduce Code GC that frees all code pages when the reminiscence consumption
  by JIT code reaches --yjit-exec-mem-size.
- RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats returns Code GC metrics along with
  present inline_code_size and outlined_code_size keys:
  code_gc_count, live_page_count, freed_page_count, and freed_code_size.
Many of the statistics produced by RubyVM::YJIT.runtime_stats at the moment are accessible in launch builds.
- Merely run ruby with --yjit-stats to compute and dump stats (incurs some run-time overhead).
YJIT is now optimized to benefit from object shapes. [Feature #18776]
Reap the benefits of finer-grained fixed invalidation to invalidate much less code when defining new constants. [Feature #18589]
The default --yjit-exec-mem-size is modified to 64 (MiB).
The default --yjit-call-threshold is modified to 30.

Regexp enhancements in opposition to ReDoS

It’s identified that Regexp matching could take unexpectedly lengthy. In case your code makes an attempt to match a presumably inefficient Regexp in opposition to an untrusted enter, an attacker could exploit it for environment friendly Denial of Service (so-called Common expression DoS, or ReDoS).

We’ve launched two enhancements that considerably mitigate ReDoS.

Improved Regexp matching algorithm

Since Ruby 3.2, Regexp’s matching algorithm has been enormously improved through the use of a memoization approach.

# This match takes 10 sec. in Ruby 3.1, and 0.003 sec. in Ruby 3.2

/^a*b?a*$/ =~ "a" * 50000 + "x"

The improved matching algorithm permits most Regexp matching (about 90% in our experiments) to be accomplished in linear time.

This optimization could eat reminiscence proportional to the enter size for every match. We anticipate no sensible issues to come up as a result of this reminiscence allocation is often delayed, and a standard Regexp match ought to eat at most 10 occasions as a lot reminiscence because the enter size. In case you run out of reminiscence when matching Regexps in a real-world software, please report it.

The unique proposal is https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/points/19104

Regexp timeout

The optimization above can’t be utilized to some type of common expressions, akin to these together with superior options (e.g., back-references or look-around), or with an enormous fastened variety of repetitions. As a fallback measure, a timeout characteristic for Regexp matches can also be launched.

Regexp.timeout = 1.0

/^a*b?a*()1$/ =~ "a" * 50000 + "x"
#=> Regexp::TimeoutError is raised in a single second

Word that Regexp.timeout is a world configuration. If you wish to use totally different timeout settings for some particular Regexps, it’s possible you’ll need to use the timeout key phrase for Regexp.new.

Regexp.timeout = 1.0

# This regexp has no timeout
long_time_re = Regexp.new('^a*b?a*()1$', timeout: Float::INFINITY)

long_time_re =~ "a" * 50000 + "x" # by no means interrupted

The unique proposal is https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/points/17837.

Different Notable New Options

SyntaxSuggest

The characteristic of syntax_suggest (previously dead_end) is built-in into Ruby. This helps you discover the place of errors akin to lacking or superfluous finishs, to get you again in your manner sooner, akin to within the following instance:
```
Unmatched `finish', lacking key phrase (`do', `def`, `if`, and so on.) ?

  1  class Canine
> 2    defbark
> 3    finish
  4  finish
```
[Feature #18159]

ErrorHighlight

Now it factors on the related argument(s) for TypeError and ArgumentError

take a look at.rb:2:in `+': nil cannot be coerced into Integer (TypeError)

sum = ary[0] + ary[1]
               ^^^^^^

Language

Nameless relaxation and key phrase relaxation arguments can now be handed as
arguments, as an alternative of simply utilized in technique parameters.
[Feature #18351]
```
  def foo(*)
    bar(*)
  finish
  def baz(**)
    quux(**)
  finish
```

A proc that accepts a single positional argument and key phrases will
not autosplat. [Bug #18633]

proca, **okay.name([1, 2])
# Ruby 3.1 and earlier than
# => 1
# Ruby 3.2 and after
# => [1, 2]

Fixed project analysis order for constants set on specific
objects has been made in keeping with single attribute project
analysis order. With this code:

foo is now known as earlier than baz. Equally, for a number of assignments
to constants, left-to-right analysis order is used. With this
code:
```
    foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2
```
The next analysis order is now used:
1. foo1
2. foo2
3. baz1
4. baz2
[Bug #15928]
The discover sample is not experimental.
[Feature #18585]
Strategies taking a relaxation parameter (like *args) and wishing to delegate key phrase
arguments by way of foo(*args) should now be marked with ruby2_keywords
(if not already the case). In different phrases, all strategies wishing to delegate
key phrase arguments by way of *args should now be marked with ruby2_keywords,
with no exception. This may make it simpler to transition to different methods of
delegation as soon as a library can require Ruby 3+. Beforehand, the ruby2_keywords
flag was stored if the receiving technique took *args, however this was a bug and an
inconsistency. approach to seek out doubtlessly lacking ruby2_keywords
is to run the take a look at suite, discover the final technique which should
obtain key phrase arguments for every place the place the take a look at suite fails, and use places nil, caller, nil there. Then verify that every
technique/block on the decision chain which should delegate key phrases is appropriately marked
with ruby2_keywords. [Bug #18625] [Bug #16466]
```
  def goal(**kw)
  finish

  # By chance labored with out ruby2_keywords in Ruby 2.7-3.1, ruby2_keywords
  # wanted in 3.2+. Identical to (*args, **kwargs) or (...) could be wanted on
  # each #foo and #bar when migrating away from ruby2_keywords.
  ruby2_keywords def bar(*args)
    goal(*args)
  finish

  ruby2_keywords def foo(*args)
    bar(*args)
  finish

  foo(okay: 1)
```

Efficiency enhancements

MJIT

The MJIT compiler is re-implemented in Ruby as ruby_vm/mjit/compiler.
MJIT compiler is executed below a forked course of as an alternative of
doing it in a local thread known as MJIT employee. [Feature #18968]
- Consequently, Microsoft Visible Studio (MSWIN) is not supported.
MinGW is not supported. [Feature #18824]
Rename --mjit-min-calls to --mjit-call-threshold.
Change default --mjit-max-cache again from 10000 to 100.

PubGrub

Bundler 2.4 now makes use of PubGrub resolver as an alternative of Molinillo.
- PubGrub is the subsequent era fixing algorithm utilized by pub bundle supervisor for the Dart programming language.
- You could get totally different decision consequence after this alteration. Please report such circumstances to RubyGems/Bundler points
RubyGems nonetheless makes use of Molinillo resolver in Ruby 3.2. We plan to exchange it with PubGrub sooner or later.

Different notable modifications since 3.1

Knowledge

New core class to symbolize easy immutable worth object. The category is
just like Struct and partially shares an implementation, however has extra
lean and strict API. [Feature #16122]

  Measure = Knowledge.outline(:quantity, :unit)
  distance = Measure.new(100, 'km')            #=> #<knowledge Measure quantity=100, unit="km">
  weight = Measure.new(quantity: 50, unit: 'kg') #=> #<knowledge Measure quantity=50, unit="kg">
  weight.with(quantity: 40)                      #=> #<knowledge Measure quantity=40, unit="kg">
  weight.quantity                                #=> 50
  weight.quantity = 40                           #=> NoMethodError: undefined technique `quantity="

Hash
- Hash#shift now all the time returns nil if the hash is
  empty, as an alternative of returning the default worth or
  calling the default proc. [Bug #16908]
MatchData
Module
Proc
Refinement
RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
Set
- Set is now accessible as a builtin class with out the necessity for require "set". [Feature #16989]
  It’s at present autoloaded by way of the Set fixed or a name to Enumerable#to_set.
String
- String#byteindex and String#byterindex have been added. [Feature #13110]
- Replace Unicode to Model 15.0.0 and Emoji Model 15.0. [Feature #18639]
  (additionally applies to Regexp)
- String#bytesplice has been added. [Feature #18598]
Struct

Compatibility points

Word: Excluding characteristic bug fixes.

Eliminated constants

The next deprecated constants are eliminated.

Eliminated strategies

The next deprecated strategies are eliminated.

Stdlib compatibility points

Now not bundle third get together sources

We not bundle third get together sources like libyaml, libffi.
- libyaml supply has been faraway from psych. You could want to put in libyaml-dev with Ubuntu/Debian platform. The bundle title is totally different for every platform.
- Bundled libffi supply can also be faraway from fiddle
Psych and fiddle supported static builds with particular variations of libyaml and libffi sources. You may construct psych with libyaml-0.2.5 like this:
```
  $ ./configure --with-libyaml-source-dir=/path/to/libyaml-0.2.5
```
And you may construct fiddle with libffi-3.4.4 like this:
```
  $ ./configure --with-libffi-source-dir=/path/to/libffi-3.4.4
```
[Feature #18571]

C API updates

Up to date C APIs

The next APIs are up to date.

PRNG replace
- rb_random_interface_t up to date and versioned.
  Extension libraries which use this interface and constructed for older variations.
  Additionally init_int32 perform must be outlined.

Eliminated C APIs

The next deprecated APIs are eliminated.

rb_cData variable.
“taintedness” and “trustedness” capabilities. [Feature #16131]

Customary library updates

Bundler
RubyGems
ERB
- ERB::Util.html_escape is made sooner than CGI.escapeHTML.
  - It not allocates a String object when no character must be escaped.
  - It skips calling #to_s technique when an argument is already a String.
  - ERB::Escape.html_escape is added as an alias to ERB::Util.html_escape,
    which has not been monkey-patched by Rails.
IRB
- debug.gem integration instructions have been added: debug, break, catch,
  subsequent, delete, step, proceed, end, backtrace, information
- Extra Pry-like instructions and options have been added.
  - edit and show_cmds (like Pry’s assist) are added.
  - ls takes -g or -G choice to filter out outputs.
  - show_source is aliased from $ and accepts unquoted inputs.
  - whereami is aliased from @.
The next default gems are up to date.
- RubyGems 3.4.1
- abbrev 0.1.1
- benchmark 0.2.1
- bigdecimal 3.1.3
- bundler 2.4.1
- cgi 0.3.6
- csv 3.2.6
- date 3.3.3
- delegate 0.3.0
- did_you_mean 1.6.3
- digest 3.1.1
- drb 2.1.1
- english 0.7.2
- erb 4.0.2
- error_highlight 0.5.1
- and so on 1.4.2
- fcntl 1.0.2
- fiddle 1.1.1
- fileutils 1.7.0
- forwardable 1.3.3
- getoptlong 0.2.0
- io-console 0.6.0
- io-nonblock 0.2.0
- io-wait 0.3.0
- ipaddr 1.2.5
- irb 1.6.2
- json 2.6.3
- logger 1.5.3
- mutex_m 0.1.2
- net-http 0.3.2
- net-protocol 0.2.1
- nkf 0.1.2
- open-uri 0.3.0
- open3 0.1.2
- openssl 3.1.0
- optparse 0.3.1
- ostruct 0.5.5
- pathname 0.2.1
- pp 0.4.0
- pstore 0.1.2
- psych 5.0.1
- racc 1.6.2
- rdoc 6.5.0
- readline-ext 0.1.5
- reline 0.3.2
- resolv 0.2.2
- resolv-replace 0.1.1
- securerandom 0.2.2
- set 1.0.3
- stringio 3.0.4
- strscan 3.0.5
- syntax_suggest 1.0.2
- syslog 0.1.1
- tempfile 0.1.3
- time 0.2.1
- timeout 0.3.1
- tmpdir 0.1.3
- tsort 0.1.1
- un 0.2.1
- uri 0.12.0
- weakref 0.1.2
- win32ole 1.8.9
- yaml 0.2.1
- zlib 3.0.0
The next bundled gems are up to date.
- minitest 5.16.3
- power_assert 2.0.3
- test-unit 3.5.7
- net-ftp 0.2.0
- net-imap 0.3.3
- net-pop 0.1.2
- net-smtp 0.3.3
- rbs 2.8.2
- typeprof 0.21.3
- debug 1.7.1

See GitHub releases like GitHub Releases of logger or changelog for particulars of the default gems or bundled gems.

See NEWS
or commit logs
for extra particulars.

With these modifications, 3048 information modified, 218253 insertions(+), 131067 deletions(-)
since Ruby 3.1.0!

Merry Christmas, Glad Holidays, and revel in programming with Ruby 3.2!

Obtain

https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0.tar.gz

SIZE: 20440715
SHA1: fb4ab2ceba8bf6a5b9bc7bf7cac945cc94f94c2b
SHA256: daaa78e1360b2783f98deeceb677ad900f3a36c0ffa6e2b6b19090be77abc272
SHA512: 94203051d20475b95a66660016721a0457d7ea57656a9f16cdd4264d8aa6c4cd8ea2fab659082611bfbd7b00ebbcf0391e883e2ebf384e4fab91869e0a877d35

https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0.tar.xz

SIZE: 15058364
SHA1: bcdae07183d66fd902cb7bf995545a472d2fefea
SHA256: d2f4577306e6dd932259693233141e5c3ec13622c95b75996541b8d5b68b28b4
SHA512: 733ecc6709470ee16916deeece9af1c76220ae95d17b2681116aff7f381d99bc3124b1b11b1c2336b2b29e468e91b90f158d5ae5fca810c6cf32a0b6234ae08e

https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/3.2/ruby-3.2.0.zip

SIZE: 24583271
SHA1: 581ec7b9289c2a85abf4f41c93993ecaa5cf43a5
SHA256: cca9ddbc958431ff77f61948cb67afa569f01f99c9389d2bbedfa92986c9ef09
SHA512: b7d2753825cc0667e8bb391fc7ec59a53c3db5fa314e38eee74b6511890b585ac7515baa2ddac09e2c6b6c42b9221c82e040af5b39c73e980fbd3b1bc622c99d

What’s Ruby

Ruby was first developed by Matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) in 1993,
and is now developed as Open Supply. It runs on a number of platforms
and is used everywhere in the world particularly for net improvement.

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