Think about you could have a grid of things you need to show in columns. With conventional responsive design methods, you would possibly use media queries to vary the variety of columns based mostly on the viewport’s width.
What if I advised you that there’s a new technique referred to as container queries that you should use to fashion components simply by contemplating their container measurement?
CSS container queries clear up a lot of the points with writing media queries and permit builders to use kinds based mostly on the dimensions of the container with out contemplating the viewport or different system traits.
On this article, I’ll talk about CSS container queries in depth with code examples to present you a greater understanding.
What are CSS container queries?
CSS container queries, often known as aspect queries, are a brand new CSS characteristic that enables builders to use kinds to inside components based mostly on the dimensions of their container reasonably than the dimensions of the viewport. In consequence, builders can design extra versatile and responsive layouts with out having to make use of fastened breakpoints.
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Fundamentals of CSS container queries
Earlier than getting began with CSS container queries, there are some things it’s worthwhile to perceive.
1. Naming containment context
Naming a containment context in CSS container queries means that you can goal a selected containment context with distinct kinds utilizing the @container at-rule.
To create a containment context, it’s worthwhile to apply the container property to a component and provides the containment context a reputation utilizing the container-name property. As well as, it’s worthwhile to determine between measurement, inline-size, or regular values for the container-type property. These values do the next:
- measurement: The container question will take into account the inline and block dimensions of the mum or dad container.
- inline-size: The container question will solely take into account the inline dimensions of the container.
- regular: The aspect solely stays a question container for container fashion queries, not for container-size queries.
The next instance creates a containment context named navbar and makes use of it throughout the @container at-rule to use the kinds when the minimal width of the navbar containment context is 500 px or extra.
.container {
container-type: inline-size;
container-name: navbar;
}
@container navbar (min-width: 500px) {
.ul {
show: grid;
}
}
2. CSS container question size models
Whenever you use container queries so as to add kinds to a container, you need to use container question size models. These models inform how lengthy one thing is in comparison with the dimensions of a question container. Parts that use size models can be utilized in numerous containers with out builders having to determine new size values.
The container question size models are:
- cqw: 1% of the width of a question container.
- cqh: 1% of the peak of a question container.
- cqi: 1% of the inline measurement of a question container.
- cqb: 1% of the block measurement of a question container.
- cqmin: cqmin is the smaller of cqi or cqb.
- cqmax: cqmax is the better of cqi or cqb.
Within the following instance, the inline measurement of the container is used to set the font measurement of a heading.
@container (min-width: 500px) {
.nav-bar h1 {
font-size: max(1.75em, 1.1em + 2cqi);
}
}
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3. Fallbacks for CSS container queries
At present, container queries should not supported in all browser variations. Due to this fact, it’s important to make sure kinds are suitable with browsers that don’t assist container queries. In such circumstances, you should use the grid property or media queries as fallback kinds.
.container{
show: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
.container{
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
}
Writing your first CSS container question
To make use of container queries, you first must outline a container aspect that may function the reference for the question. Then you should use the @container rule to specify kinds that ought to be utilized based mostly on the scale of the container.
For instance, suppose you could have a container aspect with the category .container and need to apply totally different kinds based mostly on the container’s width. You possibly can use the next CSS:
/* html file */
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Container Queries</title>
</head>
<physique>
<div class="container">
<div class="paragraph">
Lorem Ipsum is ...
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
Lorem Ipsum is ...
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
Lorem Ipsum is ...
</div>
</div>
</physique>
</html>
/* css file */
.container {
container-type: inline-size;
container-name: maincontainer;
show: grid;
hole: 1em;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
}
@container maincontainer (min-width: 500px) {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}
.paragraph{
background: rgb(231, 227, 227);
padding:1em;
font-size: 18px;
}
On this instance, the primary block of kinds might be utilized to all .container lessons by default. The second block of kinds might be utilized to .container lessons with a width of a minimum of 500 px.
You should use the min-width, max-width, min-height, and max-height media question situations in a @container rule to specify the scale of the container that ought to set off the kinds. You’ll be able to mix these situations utilizing logical operators (e.g., and, or) to create extra advanced queries.
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Browser assist
Container queries are at present supported within the following browser variations:
- Chrome 105
- Edge 150
- Firefox 110
- Opera 91
- Safari 16
You’ll find the detailed browser assist specification right here.
Benefits of CSS container queries
- It’s straightforward to loop over all youngster components.
- It’s straightforward to pick a selected aspect utilizing the selector syntax.
- You’ll be able to embrace a customized class identify within the question string that may substitute your customized class’s worth when the web page is rendered.
- No want for a separate container for a hyperlink and its goal. You should use the identical container for each.
- CSS container queries are very straightforward to make use of and perceive.
- Create versatile layouts with out utilizing floats or show properties.
Disadvantages of CSS container queries
- Not all browsers assist CSS container queries. Each container queries and question models are supported solely in Firefox 109 and better variations.
- You need to add lessons for every mum or dad aspect you need to choose. This may be a difficulty when you have many options in your web page and solely need to add lessons for a few of them manually.
- You need to use a CSS selector, which isn’t splendid for customers who should not as accustomed to CSS.
- You can not use relative or absolute positions on youngster gadgets.
- Inheriting from mum or dad components isn’t doable except you utilize floats.
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Conclusion
CSS container queries are an thrilling addition to the CSS world. They supply another for media queries, and builders can simply deal with kinds based mostly on container sizes. I hope this text gave you a primary understanding of CSS container queries and the way they work.
Thanks for studying.
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