URL encoding, often known as percent-encoding, is a technique of encoding URLs utilizing solely a restricted set of characters in order that the URL could be transmitted safely. A typical URL consists of the next parts:
scheme://host:port/path?question
Within the examples under, we are going to present tips on how to encode the question a part of the URL, the path half, and likewise tips on how to construct a full encoded URL.
Encode the question a part of the URL
The url.QueryEscape() operate from the internet/url bundle is used to encode a string positioned inside a URL question.
bundle fundamental
import (
"fmt"
"internet/url"
)
func fundamental() {
query1Val := url.QueryEscape("ab+c")
query2Val := url.QueryEscape("de$f")
fmt.Println(query1Val)
fmt.Println(query2Val)
}
Output:
To create an encoded a number of key-value question parameters string, use the url.Values construction from the internet/url bundle.
bundle fundamental
import (
"fmt"
"internet/url"
)
func fundamental() {
queryValues := url.Values{}
queryValues.Add("question", "ab+c")
queryValues.Add("query2", "de$f")
encodedQuery := queryValues.Encode()
fmt.Println(encodedQuery)
}
Output:
question=abpercent2Bc&query2=depercent24f
Encode the trail a part of the URL
The url.PathEscape() operate from the internet/url bundle is used to encode a string that’s positioned inside a URL path section. The path section is encoded in a different way from the question, for instance, the + character is allowed within the path, and ought to be encoded within the question.
bundle fundamental
import (
"fmt"
"internet/url"
)
func fundamental() {
path := url.PathEscape("foo+bar!")
fmt.Println(path)
}
Output:
Construct a full encoded URL
There are two methods to assemble a full encoded URL. You may create it manually by becoming a member of totally different elements of the URL, the place the question and path elements are escaped with the beforehand used features.
bundle fundamental
import (
"fmt"
"internet/url"
)
func fundamental() {
// construct url manually
host := "https://instance.com/"
path := url.PathEscape("foo+bar!")
query1Val := url.QueryEscape("ab+c")
query2Val := url.QueryEscape("de$f")
question := fmt.Sprintf("question=%s&query2=%s", query1Val, query2Val)
fmt.Printf("%s %spercents?%sn", "Manually constructed URL:", host, path, question)
}
Output:
Manually constructed URL: https://instance.com/foo+barpercent21?question=abpercent2Bc&query2=depercent24f
Nevertheless, it’s typically higher concept to construct the encoded URL by utilizing the url.URL construction. This manner is less complicated and fewer error-prone than manually setting up the ensuing URL. You simply have to set the Scheme, Host, Path of the URL and construct the RawQuery string by encoding question parameters contained in the url.Values struct.
bundle fundamental
import (
"fmt"
"internet/url"
)
func fundamental() {
// construct url utilizing url.URL struct
exampleURL := &url.URL{
Scheme: "https",
Host: "instance.com",
Path: "/foo+bar!",
}
queryValues := url.Values{}
queryValues.Add("question", "ab+c")
queryValues.Add("query2", "de$f")
exampleURL.RawQuery = queryValues.Encode()
fmt.Printf("%s %sn", "URL constructed utilizing url.URL struct:", exampleURL)
}
URL constructed utilizing url.URL struct: https://instance.com/foo+barpercent21?question=abpercent2Bc&query2=depercent24f
