How one can change XML particular Characters in Java String
Even Joshua Bloch advocated the usage of Open supply library to leverage the expertise and work of different programmers. If you’re studying from XML file and after performing some transformation writing to a different XML file, you could maintain XML particular characters current within the supply file.
In case you don’t escape XML particular characters whereas creating XML doc than varied XML parsers like DOM and SAX parser will contemplate these XML meta contemplate them as XML tag in case of < or >.
Even in case you attempt to remodel XML with a particular character utilizing XSLT transformation, it’ll complain and fail. So whereas producing XML paperwork it is essential to flee XML particular characters to keep away from any parsing or transformation points. On this Java XML tutorial, we’ll see What’s particular characters in XML and the way to escape XML characters from Java String.
What’s XML and HTML particular characters
- & – &
- < – <
- > – >
- ” – "
- ‘ – '
Typically these particular characters are additionally referred as XML metacharacters. For programmers who usually are not accustomed to escaping, escaping is the method to make use of various String in order to provide the literal results of particular characters. for instance, following XML String is invalid:<languages>Java & HTML</languages>
as a result of & character is used to import different XML entity. To be able to use & character as XML or String literal we have to use &, similar to proven in
beneath instance:
<languages>Java & HTML</languages>
Code instance to switch XML Particular characters in String.
Here’s a full code instance to switch particular characters in an XML string. This instance makes use of StringEscapeUtils from Apache commons to carry out escaping:
/**
* Easy Java program to flee XML or HTML particular characters in String.
* There are 5 XML Particular characters which must be escaped :
* & – &
< – <
> – >
” – "
‘ – '
* @writer http://javarevisited.blogspot.com
*/
public class XMLUtils {
public static void predominant(String args[]) {
//dealing with xml particular character & in Java String
String xmlWithSpecial = “Java & HTML”; //xml String with & as particular characters
System.out.println(“Unique unescaped XML String: “ + xmlWithSpecial);
System.out.println(“Escaped XML String in Java: “
+ StringEscapeUtils.escapeXml(xmlWithSpecial));
//dealing with xml particular character > in String on Java
xmlWithSpecial = “Java > HTML”; //xml String with & as particular characters
System.out.println(“Unique unescaped XML String: “ + xmlWithSpecial);
System.out.println(“Escaped XML String : “ + StringEscapeUtils.escapeXml(xmlWithSpecial));
//dealing with xml and html particular character < in String
xmlWithSpecial = “Java < HTML”; //xml String with & as particular characters
System.out.println(“Unique unescaped XML String: “ + xmlWithSpecial);
System.out.println(“Escaped XML String: “ + StringEscapeUtils.escapeXml(xmlWithSpecial));
xmlWithSpecial = “Java “ HTML”; //xml String with & as particular characters
System.out.println(“Unique unescaped XML String: “ + xmlWithSpecial);
System.out.println(“Escaped XML String: “ + StringEscapeUtils.escapeXml(xmlWithSpecial));
//dealing with xml particular character ‘ in String from Java
xmlWithSpecial = “Java ‘ HTML”; //xml String with & as particular characters
System.out.println(“Unique unescaped XML String: “ + xmlWithSpecial);
System.out.println(“Escaped XML String: “ + StringEscapeUtils.escapeXml(xmlWithSpecial));
}
}
Output
Unique unescaped XML String: Java & HTML
Escaped XML String in Java: Java & HTML
Unique unescaped XML String: Java > HTML
Escaped XML String : Java > HTML
Unique unescaped XML String: Java < HTML
Escaped XML String: Java < HTML
Unique unescaped XML String: Java ” HTML
Escaped XML String: Java " HTML
Unique unescaped XML String: Java ‘ HTML
Escaped XML String: Java ' HTML
That’s all on the way to escape XML Particular characters on Java program. It is one of many predominant causes of bug whereas working with XML parsing and transformation in Java and correct dealing with of XML and HTML particular characters are required. If you’re utilizing a database to retailer your XML then contemplate storing escaped XML as a substitute of uncooked XML, this may be certain that each consumer learn XML from the database could have correct escaped XML or HTML.
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